The Landlord Ledger · Everyday spending and market power

Explore the businesses behind market power.

Compare monopoly and economic-moat ETFs, inspect their holdings, and check what a return figure includes. Each comparison keeps its dates, sources and limits visible.

Compare ETF returns
$721

$1,000 held without interest, July 2016 to July 2026.
Purchasing power: $721 in July-2016 dollars.
BLS data and calculation

Twelve business-model examples

These editorial labels describe familiar businesses and the markets they serve. They are not a ranking, a return forecast, or a finding of unlawful monopoly.

AMZN AMAZON The Commerce Landlord
CMCSA COMCAST The Pipe Landlord
AAPL APPLE The Phone Landlord
V VISA The Tollbooth Landlord
META META The Attention Landlord
TSLA TESLA The EV Landlord
GOOG ALPHABET The Search Landlord
NFLX NETFLIX The Binge Landlord
MSFT MICROSOFT The Software Landlord
COST COSTCO The Pantry Landlord
NVDA NVIDIA The Chip Landlord
SPOT SPOTIFY The Sound Landlord

Correction · October 3, 2026: we withdrew the earlier company-return and spending estimates because their supporting inputs were incomplete. Read the correction and methodology.

Three ways to study market power

These ETFs offer different ways to study companies with durable competitive advantages. MPLY actively selects companies with issuer-defined monopolistic attributes, including public SpaceX Class A stock (SPCX). TOLL focuses on durable quality and currently discloses indirect private Kalshi exposure through an SPV. MOAT follows a valuation-disciplined wide-moat index. Former fund CZAR ceased Nasdaq trading on Jul 28, 2026 and liquidated around Jul 31, so it is shown only as a historical record.

PERFORMANCE SNAPSHOT · ACTIVE FUNDS VS AN S&P 500 ETF PROXY

TOLLTema Durable Quality YTD+10.71% TRAILING 1Y—
SPYS&P 500 ETF proxy YTD+10.06% TRAILING 1Y—
MOATVanEck Wide Moat YTD+4.36% TRAILING 1Y—
MPLYStrategy Shares Monopoly YTD+3.14% TRAILING 1Y—

Issuer-published NAV total returns — MPLY as of Jul 31, 2026; MOAT as of Jul 31, 2026; TOLL as of Jul 31, 2026; SPY NAV as of Jul 31, 2026, labelled as an S&P 500 ETF proxy. Trailing 1Y appears only with a complete live Marketstack snapshot. CZAR ceased trading Jul 28, 2026 and is excluded. Past performance doesn’t guarantee future results.

PERMANENT HEAD-TO-HEAD GUIDES

Go beyond the summary table.

Each comparison uses the same dated fields, primary-source links, risk questions, and no ranking or recommendation.

MONOPOLY MOAT RESEARCH DESK

Five questions the comparison table cannot settle.

Start with a tool and see the method, dates, and sources before downloading a printable result.

FEATURED WORKING PAPER · PREREGISTERED Do durable market power characteristics predict future fundamentals and stock returns? 7,152 issuer-years. Operating hypotheses unsupported. Positive but statistically inconclusive return estimates. WORKING PAPER · FOUR ETF CASE STUDY One Theme, Four Portfolios Observed ETF returns, holdings backtests, contributor concentration, monthly rebalancing, and exclusion tests.

DAILY GAME · MONOPOLY MOAT

How much risk is the return worth?

Money Matrix puts risk and return in the same frame. The daily game and its discussion live in r/MonopolyMOAT on Reddit.

Meet Money Matrix

Follow the research

Join the Monopoly MOAT research list for dated analysis of funds, holdings and market power.

PLAIN-ENGLISH ANSWERS

Monopoly ETF questions, answered

A concise reference for readers and answer engines. Every factual fund statement below points back to an issuer or regulatory source.

What is a monopoly ETF?

There is no SEC-defined fund category called a “monopoly ETF.” We use the phrase as editorial shorthand for ETFs whose stated strategies target durable competitive advantages, economic moats, or monopoly-like market positions. Each fund defines and selects those businesses differently, so its prospectus—not the label—controls.

Which US monopoly and economic-moat ETFs are currently trading?

As of August 2026, we follow three current US-listed funds in the category: MPLY, MOAT, and TOLL. CZAR ceased Nasdaq trading on July 28, 2026 and subsequently liquidated, so we retain it only as a historical record.

How do MPLY, MOAT, and TOLL differ?

MPLY is actively managed around companies the adviser identifies as having monopolistic or oligopolistic characteristics. MOAT tracks an index of US companies Morningstar assigns wide economic moats and applies a valuation screen. TOLL is actively managed around durable-quality companies with structural competitive advantages. Their holdings, concentration, fees, turnover, trading liquidity, and selection processes differ materially.

How should ETF performance be compared fairly?

Use the same dates, currency and return basis. The daily panel uses a complete, same-date set of Marketstack adjusted closing prices for MPLY, MOAT, TOLL and SPY. YTD starts at the prior year-end close. A one-year comparison is published only when all four funds have usable starting prices on the newest eligible date returned on or before the one-year anniversary. A start up to three calendar days earlier is labelled Approx. 1Y with its actual dates and duration. A larger gap or incomplete starting set is withheld while valid YTD remains available. Snapshots older than five calendar days are not used. Adjusted closes are intended to reflect splits and distributions; results are market-price total-return estimates, not issuer-published NAV total returns. SPY is an ETF proxy, not the S&P 500 index itself. The homepage's initial fixed-date fallback uses separately labelled issuer NAV YTD returns.

What risks matter when comparing monopoly or moat ETFs?

The label does not remove ordinary ETF risks. Review concentration and valuation risk, active-manager or index-methodology risk, fees and turnover, bid-ask spreads and premiums or discounts, private-asset valuation where relevant, and the possibility that a small fund closes or liquidates. Read the prospectus before investing.

Is Monopoly MOAT affiliated with an ETF issuer?

No. Monopoly MOAT is an independent publication. We are not owned by, operated by, affiliated with, or compensated by the issuers, sponsors, or index providers covered here. No issuer has approved or endorsed these comparisons. See the full disclosures.

PRIMARY SOURCE SPINE

Check our work

Issuer pages control current fund facts. BLS controls the CPI series. The SEC filing controls the CZAR closure record. Our research standards explain how those inputs become the figures shown above.